Tom Archia was born Ernest Alvin Archia, Jr. on November 26, 1919 in Groveton, Texas, and moved with his family as a child to Rockdale and then Baytown, near Houston, Texas. He played saxophone in the Wheatley High School orchestra. Known during childhood as Sonny, but took the name Tom when he decided that neither his first or middle names were appropriate for a musician.

After graduating from Prairie View A&M University in 1939, he joined Milt Larkin's band which included Eddie Vinson, Arnett Cobb, and Illinois Jacquet in the reed section…