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Duke Pearson was born Columbus Calvin Pearson, Jr. in Atlanta, Georgia on August 17, 1932. He first studied brass instruments at the early age of five, but dental issues forced him to pursue another instrument, the piano. His budding talent moved his uncle to give him the nickname Duke, a reference to Ellington. He attended Clark College while also playing trumpet in Atlanta area groups. In the early 50s he enlisted in the Army and continued to perform with different ensembles in Georgia and Florida prior to moving to New York in 1959.

In New York, Pearson gained the attention of trumpeter Donald Byrd, who saw him performing with the Art Farmer/Benny Golson Sextet. Shortly afterwards, Byrd asked him to join his newly formed band, the Donald Byrd-Pepper Adams Quintet. Pearson was also the accompanist for Nancy Wilson’s 1961 tour. During that same year, Pearson became ill before a Byrd-Adams show, and newcomer Herbie Hancock took the piano bench, eventually leading to Hancock’s permanent residency.

After the death of Ike Quebec in 1963, Pearson took over his position as A&R man for Blue Note. From that year until 1970, Pearson was a frequent session musician and producer for numerous Blue Note albums while also leading his own recording dates. This was odd, since Pearson also recorded with his co-led big band with Byrd for Atlantic Records; a stipulation he made sure was in his Atlantic contract. However, he was a big part in shaping the Blue Note label’s hard bop direction in the 1960s

Duke eventually retired from Blue Note, opting to teach at Clark College, tour with Carmen McRae and Joe Williams, and reforming his big band throughout the Seventies. Pianist and producer Duke Pearson passed away from complications due to multiple sclerosis on August 4, 1980 in his hometown of Atlanta.

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