Daily Dose Of Jazz…

Herb Flemming was born Nicolaiih El-Michelle of North African descent on April 5, 1898 in Butte, Montana. He studied music and played mellophone and euphonium before switching to trombone. During World War I he was a member of James Resse Europe’s 15th New York National Guard Band and then Europe’s 369th U.S. Infantry Band in France in 1917.

Post war Flemming studied at the Frank Damrosch Conservatory playing cello followed by study at the St. Cecilia Academy in Florence and the University of Rome. By 1921 he was playing with Fred Tunstall, recording with Johnny Dunn, then joining Sam Wooding and Bobby Lee’s band in Philadelphia. In the 1920s he joined Lew Leslie’s Blackbirds show, which toured London and Paris toward the end of the decade.

Herb formed his own band, the International Rhythm Aces, in Europe around 1930, while continuing to work with Wooding. They collaborated in Berlin, then found work accompanying Josephine Baker. He would go on to play in Buenos Aires, Paris, Shanghai, Calcutta and Ceylon. By the mid-thirties he would play in Sestto Carlin’s Society Orchestra in Italy and interpret for the 1936 Olympic Games in Germany.

In the late 30s Herb Fleming returned home playing with Earl Hines, Fats Waller, and Noble Sissle prior to a move to California and working for the Internal Revenue Service. In the Forties he freelanced around New York, worked with Red Allen, moved to Spain, recorded with Walter Bishop Jr. and Albert Nichols. Returning to New York City, vocalist and trombonist Herb Fleming passed shortly afterward on October 3, 1976.

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Daily Dose Of Jazz…

Alberta Hunter was born on April 1, 1895 in Memphis, Tennessee to Laura Peterson, a maid in a Memphis brothel and Charles Hunter, a Pullman porter who she never knew. She attended Grant Elementary School, off Auction Street, which she called Auction School, in Memphis. Having had a difficult childhood, and not happy with her new stepfather and family she left for Chicago, Illinois, around the age of 11, in the hopes of becoming a paid singer. She had heard that it paid 10 dollars a week but instead of finding a job as a singer she had to earn money by working at a boarding house that paid six dollars a week as well as room and board.

Hunter began her singing career in a bordello and soon moved to clubs that appealed to men, black and white alike. By 1914 she was receiving lessons from jazz pianist, Tony Jackson, who helped her to expand her repertoire and compose her own songs. Singing around Chicago, one of her first notable experiences as an artist was at the Panama Club where she honed her craft before a cabaret crowd. Her big break came when she was booked at Dreamland Cafe, singing with King Oliver and his band.

She first toured Europe in 1917, performing before adoring and respectful audiences in Paris and London. Her career as singer and songwriter flourished in the 1920s and 1930s, and she appeared in clubs and on stage in musicals in both New York and London. The songs she wrote include the critically acclaimed Downhearted Blues in 1922. She recorded several records with Perry Bradford from 1922 to 1927 as well as sessions on Black Swan, Paramount, Gennett, OKeh, Victor and Columbia. While still working for Paramount, she also recorded for Harmograph Records under the pseudonym May Alix.

Alberta eventually moved to New York City. She performed with Bricktop and recorded with Louis Armstrong and Sidney Bechet. She headed the U.S.O.’s first black show, performing in Casablanca, Korea and other theaters of war during World War II and after, until her mother’s death in 1957. It was at this point that she left music for a career in healthcare, working at Roosevelt Island’s Goldwater Memorial Hospital for 20 years. The hospital forced Hunter to retire because it believed she was 70 years old but was actually 82 years old. Deciding to return to singing, she had a regular engagement at a Greenwich Village club, becoming an attraction there until her passing away on October 17, 1984.

Her life was documented in Alberta Hunter: My Castle’s Rockin’, a 1988 TV movie, narrated by the pianist Billy Taylor, and in Cookin’ at the Cookery, a biographical musical by Marion J. Caffey, in which Ernestine Jackson portrays her. Vocalist and composer Alberta Hunter was inducted to the Blues Hall of Fame in 2011, the Memphis Music Hall of Fame in 2015 and her comeback album, Amtrak Blues, was honored by the Blues Hall of Fame in 2009.

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Daily Dose Of Jazz…

Algeria Junius “June” Clark was born on March 24, 1900 in Long Branch, New Jersey and played piano as a child. He went on to learn bugle and trumpet, playing in local brass bands. Taking a job as a porter in New Orleans, he played in a musical revue called S. H. Dudley‘s Black Sensations, alongside James P. Johnson.

Clark and Johnson parted from the show to play on their own, landing in Toledo, Ohio and playing with Jimmy Harrison in the late 1910s. By 1920 Clark relocated to Philadelphia performing with Josephine Stevens and Willie “The Lion” Smith. He would go on to work in the traveling show Holiday in Dixie, but after a poor run it folded and Clark temporarily took up work in an automobile factory.

Rejoining Harrison soon after as a member of the Fess Williams Band, by 1924 June was in New York City playing with his own band. In the 30s he played with Ferman Tapp, Jimmy Reynolds, George Baquet, Charlie Skeete and Vance Dixon. However, failing health led him to quit music and he became Louis Armstrong’s tour manager.

Suffering from an extended bout of tuberculosis in 1939 Clark was bedridden for several years. After his recovery he worked as a musical advisor and assisted Earl Hines. Giving up music altogether, in the Forties he turned to boxing and became Sugar Ray Robinson’s manager. On February 23, 1963 trumpeter, cornetist, advisor and manager June Clark passed away in New York City.

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Daily Dose Of Jazz…

Wilbur C. Sweatman was born in Brunswick, Missouri on February 7, 1882 and started playing violin but took up clarinet. He toured with circus bands in the late 1890s, briefly played with the bands of W.C. Handy and Mahara’s Minstrels before organizing his own dance band in Minneapolis, Minnesota by late 1902.

It was there that Sweatman made his first recordings on phonograph cylinders in 1903 for a local music store. These included what is reputed to have been the first recorded version of Scott Joplin’s “Maple Leaf Rag”; however, no copies of these are known to exist today. By 1908, Sweatman was in Chicago as bandleader at the Grand Theater where he attracted notice and in a 1910 article was referred to his nickname, “Sensational Swet.”

By 1911, he had moved to the vaudeville circuit full-time, developing a successful act of playing three clarinets at once, went on to write a number of rags including his most famous “Down Home Rag”. He would move back to New York, tour major vaudeville circuits, befriend Scott Joplin and become his executor, record for Emerson Records, and the first Black to make recordings as Jazz or “Jass” as it was known then and one of the first to join ASCAP, and several notable musicians passed through his band, including Duke Ellington, Coleman Hawkins and Cozy Cole.

Wilbur Sweatman, ragtime and Dixieland jazz composer, bandleader and clarinetist who continue to record for Gennett, Edison, Grey Gull and Victor record labels, passed away in New York City on March 9, 1961.

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Daily Dose Of Jazz…

Juan Tizol: The Puerto Rican Trombonist Who Gave Duke Ellington “Caravan”
Imagine stowing away on a ship to chase your musical dreams, then ending up writing some of the most iconic compositions in jazz history. That’s not fiction—that’s Juan Tizol’s extraordinary story.

A Musical Education in Puerto Rico
Born January 22, 1900, in Vega Baja, Puerto Rico, Tizol grew up surrounded by music in a family where it was taken seriously. He started on violin but quickly switched to valve trombone, the instrument that would become his distinctive voice. His uncle Manuel Tizol, music director of the San Juan symphony, became his primary teacher, and young Juan soaked up everything—classical technique, ensemble discipline, professional standards. He played in his uncle’s band and gained invaluable experience performing with local operas, ballets, and dance groups. This was a classical education, Puerto Rican style. Tizol wasn’t learning jazz yet—he was learning music, period.

A Dangerous Leap of Faith
Then came 1920 and a decision that would change everything: Tizol joined a band heading to Washington, D.C. The catch? They traveled as stowaways on a ship, risking everything for the chance to play music in America.

Once they arrived safely, the group set up shop at the Howard Theater, one of Washington’s premier African American venues, playing for touring shows and silent movies while occasionally working small jazz and dance gigs on the side. It was at the Howard that Juan first crossed paths with a young Duke Ellington, who was just beginning to make a name for himself.

Joining the Duke Ellington Orchestra
Summer 1929 brought the call that every jazz musician dreams of—Duke wanted him in the band. Tizol became the fifth voice in Ellington’s brass section, and suddenly the maestro had entirely new compositional possibilities. Now he could write for trombones as an actual section instead of just doubling the trumpets. Tizol’s rich, warm valve trombone tone also blended beautifully with the saxophones, often carrying lead melodies that gave Ellington’s sophisticated arrangements their distinctive color and texture.

More Than Just a Sideman
But Tizol wasn’t just a player—he was essential to the band’s daily operation, meticulously copying parts from Ellington’s scores (no small task in the pre-Xerox era) and contributing his own remarkable compositions.

And what compositions! “Caravan” and “Perdido” are timeless jazz standards that musicians still play today, nearly a century later. Both have been recorded hundreds of times and have become part of the permanent jazz repertoire. Tizol also brought explicit Latin influences into the Ellington sound with pieces like “Moonlight Fiesta,” “Jubilesta,” and “Conga Brava,” adding rhythmic spice and exotic colors that made the band’s already rich palette even more distinctive.

California Calling
In 1944, Tizol made a difficult decision—he left Ellington to join Harry James’ Orchestra in Los Angeles. The reason was simple and human: he wanted more stable work and more time with his wife. The constant touring with Duke was glamorous but exhausting.

He returned to Ellington in 1951, then back to James two years later, spending most of his remaining career on the West Coast. There he worked with James’ popular orchestra, contributed to Nelson Riddle’s elegant arrangements, and appeared on the Nat King Cole television show, bringing his warm sound to America’s living rooms.

After one more brief reunion with Ellington in the 1960s—because that musical connection never really disappears—Tizol eventually retired in Los Angeles, where he passed away on April 23, 1984, in Inglewood, California.

A Legacy Beyond Borders
From stowaway to standard-bearer, Juan Tizol’s journey reminds us that jazz has always been an international language—and sometimes the most quintessentially “American” sounds come from somewhere else entirely.

Every time a band plays “Caravan,” with its mysterious, exotic melody suggesting desert caravans and distant lands, they’re playing Juan Tizol’s vision. Not bad for a kid from Puerto Rico who risked everything to follow the music north.

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