From Broadway To 52nd Street
Can-Can was first seen on the stage of the Shubert Theatre on May 7, 1953 and the audience heard music composed by Cole Porter. The show ran for 892 performances. The original Broadway production ran for over two years starring Gwen Verdon in only her second Broadway role. Both she and and choreographer Michael Kidd won Tony Awards and were praised, the score and book received tepid reviews. However, three songs that rose to become jazz standards were I Love Paris, Just One Of Those Things and It’s All Right With Me.
The Story: In 1893 Paris, the dance hall Bal du Paradis in Montmartre owned by La Môme Pistache, is being threatened with closing by a self-righteous judge, Aristide Forestier. Offended by the scandalous but popular dance that the attractive dancers perform, the “Can-Can”, the judge sends the police to harass the owner and dancers, but the police like the dancers so much that they are reluctant to testify against them in court. Deciding to gather evidence, the judge takes a trip to the club. Once there, he and the owner, La Môme, fall in love but he gets the evidence to send the owner and girls to jail.
One of the dancers, Claudine, a laundry girl by day, has been pursued by art critic Hilaire, however, Claudine is in love with sculptor Boris but still arranges to have dinner with Hilaire to get a favorable review for her love. Conflicted between love and right and wrong, the judge conceded, “obscenity is in the eye of the beholder”. And gets caught in a scandalous kiss with the proprietress. Eventually, Hilaire writes a gushing review of Boris’s work. Judge Aristide loses his judgeship and is disbarred, but La Môme and the girls all go to court with him and all win their cases.
Jazz History: Live jazz was recorded, as early as 1935, but for some reason it was not considered feasible to reproduce it on 78 rpms for public consumption. This precedent was first broken in 1945 by Norman Granz, who, as one of jazz’s liveliest aficionados, originated in the early forties the notion of taking on tour for concert appearances a select group of musicians. It was an arrangement he called “Jazz at the Philharmonic”. In 1944, unbeknownst to the participating musicians, he recorded sections of a concert he was producing in Los Angeles. He then released them soon afterwards in a 12-inch 78 rpm album of three records, and there were just two tunes, “Lady Be Good” and “How High the Moon”, each of which covered three sides, or approximately fifteen minutes of playing time. His experiment proved a huge success and he released fifteen albums since then, the last an entire concert on three 12-inch LPs, amounting to about two hours of music. Other record companies followed suit, using the advantageous expanded playing time of the LP, and the record stores were stocked with live performances of all varieties and qualities, ranging from nightclub stints to private jam sessions.
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Theodore Walter “Sonny” Rollins was born on September 7, 1930 in New York City to parents from the U.S. Virgin Islands. The young Theodore started out at eleven years old on the piano, receiving his first alto saxophone at thirteen and by sixteen switched to the tenor. By high school he was playing in a band with other future jazz greats like Jackie McLean and Kenny Drew.
1949 saw Rollins recording with Babs Gonzales, J. J. Johnson and Bud Powell and through 1954 performed with Miles Davis, the Modern Jazz Quartet, Charlie Parker and Thelonious Monk. During this early period in the fifties he was arrested for armed robbery, arrested for violating his parole using heroin and sentenced the Federal Medical Center in Lexington, KY where he kicked his habit, although he was afraid sobriety would impair his musicianship. Little did he know at the time he would soar to greater height.
His early influences Louis Jordan, Coleman Hawkins and Lester Young which did so much to inspire the fleet improvisation of be-bop in the 1950s. Rollins drew the two threads together as a fluid post-bop improviser with a sound as strong and resonant as any since Hawkins himself.
Sonny’s widely acclaimed sixth album “Saxophone Colossus” was recorded on June 22, 1956 at Rudy Van Gelder’s studio in New Jersey, with Tommy Flanagan, Doug Watkins and Max Roach. This seminal work led to “Tenor Madness” with Garland, Chambers, Jones and Coltrane, and Sonny Rollins volume One & Two.
By 1959, Rollins was frustrated with what he perceived as his own musical limitations and took the first – and most famous – of his musical sabbaticals. To spare a neighboring expectant mother the sound of his practice routine, Rollins ventured to the Williamsburg Bridge to practice. Upon his return to the jazz scene in 1962 he named his “comeback” album “The Bridge” at the start of a contract with RCA Records, recorded with a quartet featuring guitarist Jim Hall, drummer Ben Riley and bassist Bob Cranshaw. This became one of Rollins’ best-selling records.
Over a very lengthy career spanning more than six decades, the Grammy winning saxophonist, Sonny Rollins, has recorded some 50 albums as a leader and two dozen albums as a sideman. He continues to record, perform and tour today.
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Charles “Buddy” Bolden was born on September 6, 1877 in New Orleans, Louisiana and is regarded as a key figure in the development of a New Orleans style of ragtime music that would later come to be known as jazz.
He was known as “King Bolden” and his band was a top draw in New Orleans from about 1900 until 1907, when he was incapacitated by schizophrenia. He left no known surviving recordings, but he was known for his very loud sound and constant improvisation. Instead of imitating other cornetists, Bolden played music he heard “by ear” and adapted it to his horn. In doing so, he created an exciting and novel fusion of ragtime, black sacred music, marching-band music and rural blues.
He rearranged the typical New Orleans dance band of the time to better accommodate the blues; string instruments became the rhythm section, and the front-line instruments were clarinets, trombones, and Bolden’s cornet. Bolden was known for his powerful, loud, “wide open” playing style.
While there is substantial first hand oral history about Buddy Bolden, facts about his life continue to be lost amongst colorful myth. Stories about him being a barber by trade or that he published a scandal sheet called The Cricket have been repeated in print despite being debunked decades earlier.
Bolden suffered an episode of acute alcoholic psychosis in 1907 at the age of 30. With the full diagnosis of dementia praecox, he was admitted to the Louisiana State Insane Asylum at Jackson, where he spent the rest of his life until November 4, 1931 at age 54.
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Karen Borca was born September 5, 1948 in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The jazz bassoonist studied music at the University of Wisconsin where she met Cecil Taylor and became his teaching assistant during her senior year. She went on to play in his Cecil Taylor Unit.
By 1974 she was the teaching assistant to longtime Taylor sideman Jimmy Lyons, who Karen married and played with until his passing in 1986. She has continued to perform on the Lower East Side of New York City with musicians like William Parker, Marco Eneidi, Joel Futterman, Sonny Simmons, Alan Silva and Jackson Krall, while also leading her own band.
An accomplished sideman, she has recorded on albums with Joe Morris, Alna Silva, Paul Murphy, Bill Dixon and with Earth People. She has an impressive facility, playing with the litheness and imagination of a first-rate free jazz saxophonist. Bassoonist Karen Borca is one who has mastered an extremely difficult instrument and adapted it to free jazz that she continues to perform.
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Biréli Lagrène was born September 4, 1966 in Soufflenheim, Bas-Rhin Alsace, France in a traditional manouche-Gypsy family and community. He started playing the guitar at the age of four. He grew up in the loving but tough environment of the “tzigane” or Romani Gypsies. His biggest influences came from family with a gifted violinist father. At age eight, he covered Django Reinhardt’s repertoire, at twelve won a Gypsy music festival in Strasbourg and later recorded his live performance on the double LP, “Route to Django”.
Offered the chance to leave for the U.S., Biréli met the greatest jazz musicians of the international scene such as Stephane Grappelli, Benny Goodman and Benny Carter. In 1984, he met Larry Coryell in New York, then later introduced to bassist Jaco Pastorious and ventured with him into jazz-fusion. Together, they toured Europe, which contributed a great deal to Lagrène’s musical emancipation.
Lagrène, a guitarist and bassist, came to prominence in the 1980s for his Django Reinhardt influenced style. He often performs within the swing; jazz-fusion and post bop mediums. He has also performed live with guitarist Al Di Meola, recorded “Gipsy Project” and “Gipsy Project & Friends” in 2002. He has thirty-seven albums and four film scores to date and continues to record, perform and tour.