From Broadway To 52nd Street
The King and I opened at the St. James Theatre on March 29, 1953 and entered into the pantheon of blockbuster musical hits with one thousand two hundred and forty-six performances. What made this a great musical were the actors – Yul Brynner, Gertrude Lawrence, Dorothy Sarnoff Doretta Morrow and Larry Douglas. Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein composed the music and lyrics from which evolved the jazz standards Hello Young Lovers, I Have Dreamed and We Kiss In A Shadow. It ran nearly three years, then the fourth longest-running Broadway musical in history, and has had many tours and revivals.
The Story: Anna, a widowed teacher who goes to Siam to tutor the King’s children, hiding her fears of the new land. She finds the King a despot and is especially sympathetic to the furtive youngsters who would marry without permission. The lovers are caught and sentenced to death. Anna and the King fight but finally come to understand each other. She perseveres and on his deathbed, the King confesses he has begun to see the wisdom of her more civilized ways
Broadway History: Broadway theatre had entered a golden age with the blockbuster “Oklahoma!”. According to John Kenrick writing of Broadway musicals, “Every season saw new stage musicals send songs to the top of the charts. Public demand, a booming economy and abundant creative talent kept Broadway hopping. To this day, the shows of the 1950s form the core of the musical theatre repertory.”
In 1950, theatrical attorney Fanny Holtzman was looking for a part for her client, veteran leading lady Gertrude Lawrence. Holtzmann realized that Landon’s book would be an ideal vehicle and contacted Rodgers and Hammerstein, who were initially reluctant but agreed to write the musical. The pair initially sought Rex Harrison to play the supporting part of the King, a role that he had played in the 1946 movie made from landon’s book, but he was unavailable. They settled on actor and television director Yul Brynner.The musical was an immediate hit, winning Tony Awards for Best Musical, Best Actress (for Lawrence) and Best Featured Actor (for Brynner). Lawrence died unexpectedly of cancer a year and a half after the opening, and several actresses played the role of Anna during the remainder of the Broadway run of 1,246 performances.
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Wilton Lewis Felder was born August 31, 1940 in Houston, Texas and is both saxophonist and bass player. He is best known as an original member of The Jazz Crusaders, founded while still in high school, along with Joe Sample, Wayne Henderson and Stix Hooper.
The Jazz Crusaders evolved from a straight-ahead jazz combo into a pioneering jazz-rock fusion group, with a soul music influence. They dropped jazz from the name and became simply known as The Crusaders. Felder worked with the original group for over thirty years, and continues to work in its current versions, which often features other founding members.
Felder also worked as a west coast studio musician, mostly playing electric bass, for various soul and R&B musicians. He was one of the in-house bass players for Motown Records when the label opened operations in Los Angeles in the early 70s working with The Jackson 5, Marvin Gaye, America, Billy Joel, Joni Mitchell and Michael Franks.
Wilton worked with Dizzy Gillespie, John Klemmer, Richard Groove Holmes, Grant Green and Milt Jackson among others during his studio years. His solo release titled “Secrets” featured vocalist Bobby Womack singing the hit “(No Matter How High I Get) I’ll Still Be Looking Up To You”. Wilton Felder continues to perform and record.
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Kenny Dorham was born McKinley Howard Dorham on August 30, 1924 in Fairfield, Texas. One of the most active trumpeters of the bebop era, he played in the big bands of Billy Eckstine, Dizzy Gillespie, Lionel Hampton, Mercer Ellington and Charlie Parker’s quintet. A charter member of the original Jazz Messengers, throughout his career he recorded as a sideman with Thelonious Monk, Sonny Rollins, Jackie McLean, Cedar Walton, Andrew Hill, Milt Jackson and Max Roach among others.
In 1956 Kenny led his own groups, including the Jazz Prophets that featured the young pianist Bobby Timmons, bassist Sam Jones and tenorist J. R. Monterose. With guest guitarist Kenny Burrell, they recorded “Round About Midnight” at the Café Bohemia.
Dorham’s original quintet consisted of pianist Tommy Flanagan, Paul Chambers, and Art Taylor, and in 1963 he added 26-year-old tenor saxophonist Joe Henderson to his group. This friendship between Dorham and Henderson led to a number of other albums, such as Henderson’s “Page One”, “Our Thing”, “In ‘n’ Out” and “Una Mas” featuring a youthful Tony Williams.
Frequently lauded by critics and other musicians for his talent, he never received the kind of attention from the jazz establishment that many of his peers did. From 1953 to 1964 he recorded eighteen albums as a leader and held sideman duties on another forty-seven recordings. During his final years Kenny Dorham suffered from kidney disease, from which he succumbed on December 5, 1972, at age 48.
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Dinah Washington was born Ruth Lee Jones on August 29, 1924 in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. A blues, R&B and jazz singer, Dinah gained an early reputation for singing torch songs. In 1962 she hired a trio of musicians and vocalists that called themselves the Allegros, consisting of Jimmy Thomas on drums, Earl Edwards on sax, and Jimmy Sigler on organ and their vocals created “effective choruses”.
Garnering the title “Queen of the Blues”, over the course of her career Dinah recorded for Keynote, Mercury, EmArcy and Roulette Records, winning a Grammy for “What A Difference A Day Makes”. She was inducted into the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame, with her recordings inducted into the Grammy, Big Band, Jazz and the Rock and Roll Halls of Fame. She had a U.S. Postal commemorative stamp; had a street in Tuscaloosa and a park in Chicago named in her honor.
Known for her amorous personality, Washington was married eight times and divorced seven times, while having several lovers in between marriages. However, it was very early on the morning of December 14, 1963, that Dinah Washington passed away from a lethal combination of secobarbital and amobarbital. Her eighth and final husband NFL player Dick “Night Train” Lane discovered her body. She was 39.
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Kenneth Sidney Drew was born on August 28, 1928 in New York City. He first recorded with Howard McGhee in 1949, and over the next two years recorded with Buddy DeFranco, Coleman Hawkins, Milt Jackson, Charlie Parker, and Dinah Washington. He then led many recording sessions throughout the 1950s, and appeared on John Coltrane’s “Blue Train”.
Along with several other American jazz musicians who went to Europe, in 1961 Kenny moved to Copenhagen, Denmark. While he sacrificed much of the interest of the American jazz audience, he gained a wide following across Europe. He became a well-known figure on the Copenhagen jazz scene, recording many sessions with the Danish bassist Niels-Henning Orsted Pederson.
Drew along with Dexter Gordon appeared on screen in Ole Ege’s theatrically released hardcore pornographic film Pornografi – en musical in 1971), for which they composed and performed the score. He recorded for Blue Note, Xanadu, Steeplechase, Riverside, Verve, Soul and Storyville record labels leaving a catalogue of forty albums as a leader and another 34 as a sideman performing with the likes of Toots Thielmans, Sonny Rollins, Ben Webster, Chet Baker, Grant Green, Dizzy Gillespie and Dexter Gordon among others.
His touch has been described as “precise” and his playing a combination of bebop-influenced melodic improvisation and block chords, including “refreshingly subtle harmonizations”. Pianist Kenny Drew He passed away on August 4, 1993 in Copenhagen, leaving his son Kenny Jr. to carry on the family’s jazz piano legacy.
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