From Broadway To 52nd Street
Porgy & Bess took the stage at the Alvin Theatre on October 10, 1935, running for only 124 performances. Written by Dubose Hayward with music composed by the Gershwins, and starred Todd Duncan, Anne Wiggins Brown, Warren Coleman and John W. Bubbles. The initial production was treated as such a major event that the larger dailies sent both their drama and music critics to cover the opening. Though not a commercial success from the ashes rose a score that has been performed by countless musicians but a few songs separated themselves to become individual classics and jazz standards such as Summertime, I Loves You Porgy, My Man’s Gone Now, It Ain’t Necessarily So, and There’s A Boat That Leaving Soon.
The Story: Set in Charleston, South Carolina in the tenements of Catfish Row, this opera follows the lives of Porgy, a crippled beggar, his love interest – the seductive Bess, her abusive man Crown and the slinky cocaine dealer Sportin’ Life who woos her away to New York City. The star-crossed lovers, Porgy and Bess, are doomed to struggle but triumph with dreams of life outside their community.
Broadway History: But while New Yorkers were enjoying the distraction of Broadway, the country remained engulfed in The Great Depression and in year five of the Dust Bowl’s “Dirty Thirties” in which the year hosted on April 14th the worst “black blizzard” causing such extensive soil erosion that would come to be known as Black Sunday. Some 5.3 million acres of the Southern Plains were damaged and the dust would blow all the way to east coast.
However, while part of the country was experiencing disaster Ella Fitzgerald was winning a one week performance at the Harlem Opera House, the “Swing Era” was in its infancy, Benny Goodman has secured a recording contract with Victor Records and snagged a spot on the Let’s Dance radio program and a live broadcast of his Palomar Ballroom performance in Los Angeles garnered him national following and a first-ever jazz concert at Carnegie Hall in New York. Tommy Dorsey would follow with a million-seller record with Irving Berlin’s Marie along with Artie Shaw’s version of Cole Porter’s Begin The Beguine.
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Alice Babs was born Hildur Alice Nilsson on January 26, 1924 in Kalmar, Sweden. The singer and actress has worked in a wide number of genres including Swedish folklore, Elizabethan songs and opera however, she is best known internationally as a jazz singer.
Alice made her recording debut in 1939 at the age of 15, her yodeling making her initially popular but it was her acting breakthrough in “Swing It, Teacher!” in 1940 and subsequent hit song that brought her more acclaim for her appealing voice and lightly swinging style. She appeared in more than a dozen Swedish language films and despite playing the well- behaved, good-hearted and cheerful girl; the youth culture made Alice its icon causing outrage among members of the older generation. A vicar called the Alice Babs cult the “foot and mouth disease to cultural life”.
In 1958, she was the first artist to represent Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest finishing in 4th place. The same year, she formed “Swe-Danes”, touring the U.S. before dissolving in 1961. Fortune smiled and Alice began a long and productive collaboration with Duke Ellington in 1963, performing among other works his 2nd and 3rd Sacred Concerts. Because her voice had a range of more than three octaves, Duke Ellington said that when she did not sing the parts that he wrote for her, he had to use three different singers.
Ellington once remarked to the visitors of an Alice Babs recording session: “This voice, ladies and gentlemen, embodies all the warmth, joy of life, rhythm and tragedy that, for me, is the innermost secret of jazz”. She passed away from complications of Alzheimer’s disease on February 11, 2014 at age 90 in Stockholm, Sweden.
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It has been said that Antonio Carlos Jobim was the George Gershwin of Brazil, and there is a solid ring of truth in that, for both contributed large bodies of songs to the jazz repertoire, both expanded their reach into the concert hall, and both tend to symbolize their countries in the eyes of the rest of the world.
Born Antônio Carlos Brasileiro de Almeida Jobim on January 25, 1927 in Tijuca neighborhood of Rio de Janiero studied to become an architect but the lure of music was too strong being firmly rooted in the music of Pixinguinha, who began modern Brazilian music in the 1930’s. By twenty he started playing piano in nightclubs and working recording sessions. He cut his first record in 1954 leader his group Tom and His Band, backing singer Bill Farr.
Tom, a nickname he affectionately carried throughout his life, was firmly planted in jazz having been impacted by Gerry Mulligan, Chet Baker, Barney Kessel and other West Coast musicians. He also gleaned influence upon his harmonies from Claude Debussy and Samba gave his music an exotic rhythmic underpinning. His piano is simple and melodic, his guitar gentle and his singing hauntingly emotional. Among his many themes his lyrics talked of love, political repression, betrayal, the natural beauties of Brazil and his home city of Rio.
Jobim first found fame in 1956 when he teamed with poet and diplomat Vinicius de Moraes to score part of the play Orfeo do Carnival, which would later gain them worldwide acclaim at Cannes when Black Orpheus debut in 1959.
In 1958, an unknown Brazilian singer João Gilberto recorded some of Jobim’s songs, which effectively launched bossa nova. Yet, Jobim’s breakthrough outside Brazil occurred in 1962 when Stan Getz and Charlie Byrd scored a surprise hit with his tune “Desafinado” – and later Getz teamed with Joao Gilberto and his wife Astrud resulting in Getz/Gilberto in 1963 and Getz/Gilberto 2 in 1964. The ’63 album became one of the best selling jazz albums of all time and grabbed 4 Grammy Awards. With their gracefully urbane, sensuously aching melodies and harmonies, Jobim’s songs gave jazz musicians in the 1960s a quiet, strikingly original alternative to their traditional Tin Pan Alley source.
Grammy award winning songwriter, composer, arranger, singer, pianist and guitarist while driving home after finishing recording for his next album Tom Jobim, collapsed and passed away of heart failure in New York City on December 8, 1994.
From Broadway To 52nd Street
Anything Goes opened at the Alvin Theater on November 21, 1934 and had a run of 420 performances. Cole Porter wrote the music for the show and it featured such stars as Ethel Merman, William Gaxton and Bettina Hall. From the musical I Get A Kick Out Of You is singled out for fame and applause as a jazz standard.
The Story: Reno Sweeney, an evangelist turned bar hostess gets such a kick out of Billy Crocker that she boards a Europe bound liner to dissuade him from pursuing Hope Harcourt. Crocker, aboard without a ticket must adopt several disguises. Hope loves an Englishman of her peer. Rev. Dr. Moon is on J. Edgar Hoover’s public enemy list at #13 and attempting to rise to #1. Reno holds a revival; Hope becomes an heiress, drops her Englishman and consents to marry Crocker. Moon gets dropped from Hoover’s list.
Broadway History: In the 1900-01 season there were seventy plays or musicals being produced on Broadway. It was the beginning of the boom and the decades that followed saw the number of plays produced quadruple. In addition, there were seven vaudeville houses and six burlesque theaters presenting their shows to a theatre thirsty population of just over three and a half million inhabitants.
The first decade of the 20th century was both boring and transformational in the history of Broadway. The seeds of that transformation go back to 1882 with the construction of The Madison Square Theatre at 24th Street. At the time, the theatre district was concentrated between Union Square and 24th Street.
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Vocalist Irene Kral was born in Chicago, Illinois on January 18, 1932. The younger sister of Roy Kral, an already a successful musician, she started singing professionally as a teenager making her debut with the Jay Burkhardt Big Band. She went on to work with Woody Herman and Chubby Jackson.
Freelancing around Chicago, Irene gigged with a vocal group called Tattle-Tales, spent nine months singing with Maynard Ferguson’s big band and also performed with groups led by Stan Kenton and Shelly Manne, After an association with the Herb Pomeroy Orchestra, she got married, moved to Los Angeles and stopped performing.
Fortunately for the jazz world by the late 50’s Irene embarked upon a solo career recording two sessions for United Artists, a ’65 date for Mainstream and from 1974 to 1977 recorded three great albums, “Kral Space” and two projects with pianist Alan Broadbent “Where Is Love” and “Gentle Rain”. Her rendition of Spring Can Really Hang You Up The Most is not only considered classic but also definitive.
Irene Kral died at the age of 46 of breast cancer in Encino, California on August 15, 1978. She attributed Carmen McRae as one of her inspirations and was brought back to the attention of the world posthumously by director Clint Eastwood when he used her recording in the Bridges of Madison County.
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