From Broadway To 52nd Street
Two days after Christmas in 1927 Showboat opened at the Ziegfeld and ran for five hundred and seventy-two performances. The music was composed by Jerome Kern and Oscar Hammerstein and rendered just jazz classics as Can’t Help Lovin’ Dat Man and Ol’ Man River. The show starred Jules Bledsoe, Aunt Jemima, Helen Morgan, Charles Winninger, Howard Marsh, Sammy White, and Norma Terris.
The Story: Showboat is a tale set on a Mississippi River gambling boat run by Cap’n Andy Hawks and his irritable wife Parthy and their ingenuous daughter Magnolia. The prominent roles of black servants are in the characters Queenie and Joe and the leading actress in the show, Julie, is discovered to be of mixed heritage. Intrigue enters through marriage, gambling, abandonment, alcoholism sets the characters on a spiral downward but one triumphs in the end.
Broadway History: Broadway was originally the Wickquasgeck Trail, carved into the brush destination of Manhattan by its Native American inhabitants. This trail originally snaked through swamps and rocks along the length of Manhattan Island. Upon the arrival of the Dutch, the trail soon became the main road through the island from Nieuw Amsterdam at the southern tip. The Dutch explorer and entrepreneur David de Vries gives the first mention of it in his journal for the year 1642 – “the Wickquasgeck Road over which the Indians passed daily”.
The Dutch named the road “Heerestraat“. In the mid-eighteenth century, part of Broadway in what is now lower Manhattan was known as Great George Street. In the 18th century, Broadway ended at the town commons north of Wall Street, where traffic continued up the East Side of the island via Eastern Post Road and the West Side via Bloomingdale Road. The western Bloomingdale Road would be widened and paved during the 19th century, and called “The Boulevard” north of Columbus Circle. On February 14, 1899 the name “Broadway” was extended to the entire Broadway/Bloomingdale/Boulevard Roads.
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Daily Dose Of Jazz…
Phil Woods was born Philip Wells Woods on November 2, 1931 in Springfield, Massachusetts. He studied music with his great influence Lennie Tristano, at the Manhattan School of Music and at The Julliard School.
After moving to France in 1968, Phil led the avant-garde jazz group The European Rhythm Machine, and then returned to the United States in 1972 and unsuccessfully attempting to establish an electronic group formed a quintet, which is still performing with some changes of personnel.
Although Woods is primarily a saxophonist he is also a fine clarinet player and solos can be found scattered through his recordings. His pop credits include the alto solos on Billy Joel’s Just The Way You Are, Steely Dan’s Doctor Wu and Paul Simon’s Have A Good Time.
Phil has worked with the likes of Manny Albam, Kenny Burrell, Gary Burton, Ron Carter, Lou Donaldson, Bill Evans, Art Farmer, Dizzy Gillespie. Stephane Grappelli, Milt Jackson, Quincy Jones, Mundell Lowe, the Modern Jazz Quartet, Thelonious Monk, Oliver Nelson, Lalo Schifrin, Shirley Scott, Clark Terry and Ben Webster among others.
He has amassed 34 sessions as a sideman and nearly four-dozen albums as a leader and has been nominated for seven Grammy Awards and won one for Images: “Best Large Jazz Ensemble Performance”, and three for “Best Instrumental Jazz Performance, Individual or Group” for Live from the Show Boat, More Live, and At the Vanguard.
His 2005 documentary film “A Life in E Flat” – Portrait of a Jazz Legend” offers an intimate portrait of Woods during a recording session of the Jazzed Media album This is How I Feel About Quincy. In 2007, Phil received a “Jazz Master” award from the National Endowment of the Arts. Saxophonist, clarinetist and composer Phil Woods was married to Chan Parker, the widow of Charlie Parker, until her death in 1999. He continued to perform, record and tour until his passing on September 29, 2015 in East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania.
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Clifford Brown was born on October 30, 1930 into a musical family in Wilmington, Delaware. Organized into a vocal quartet with three of his youngest brothers buy his father, by age ten he started playing trumpet at school after becoming fascinated with the shiny trumpet his father owned. By age thirteen, he had his own trumpet and was taking private lessons.
Junior year in high school he received lessons from Boysie Lowrey, played in a jazz group that Lowery put together, made trips into Philadelphia while earning a good education from Howard High. He briefly attended Delaware State University as a math major, before switching to Maryland State College that had a more vibrant musical environment. He played in the fourteen-piece, jazz-oriented, Maryland State Band.
In June of 1950, he was seriously injured in a car accident and during his yearlong hospitalization Dizzy Gillespie visited the young trumpeter and pushed him to pursue his musical career. Limited to the piano for months due to his injuries Clifford never fully recovered and would routinely dislocate his shoulder for the rest of his life. However, he quickly became one of the most highly regarded trumpeters in jazz.
Brownie, as he was affectionately called had a sound that was warm and round, and notably consistent across the full range of the instrument. He could articulate every note, even at very fast tempos which seemed to present no difficulty to him; serving to enhance the impression of his speed of execution. He had a highly developed sense of harmony, delivered bold statements through complex chord changes of bebop harmony and fully expressed himself in a ballad.
He performed and recorded with Chris Powell, Tadd Dameron, Lionel Hampton and Art Blakey before forming his own group with Max Roach. The Clifford Brown & Max Roach Quintet was a high water mark of the hard bop style with pianist Richie Powell, tenor saxophonist Harold Land, Teddy Edwards and Sonny Rollins throughout the tenure of the group.
Clifford never touched drugs and had no fondness for alcohol, however his clean living would not save him from his tragic death on the rainy night of June 26, 1956 due to an auto accident on the Pennsylvania Turnpike. That night band member Richie Powell and his wife Nancy would also lose their lives.
At age 25 trumpeter Clifford Brown would leave behind only four years of recordings, nonetheless, he influenced later jazz trumpet players like Donald Byrd, Woody Shaw, Lee Morgan, Booker Little, Freddie Hubbard, Valery Ponomarev, Wynton Marsalis and many others. His compositions “Joy Spring” and “Daahoud” are jazz standards. He won the Down Beat critics’ poll for the “New Star of the Year” in 1954; and was inducted into the Down Beat “Jazz Hall of Fame” in 1972 in the critics’ poll.
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Cleo Laine was born Clementina Dinah Campbell on October 28, 1927 in Southall, Middlesex, England of mixed heritage to a black Jamaican father and white English mother. She began taking singing and dancing lessons at an early age and attended the Featherstone Primary School. Prior to her singing career she worked as an apprentice hairdresser, librarian and for a pawnbroker, married a roof tiler and had a son, all before 1957.
Laine took up singing professionally in her mid-twenties, auditioning successfully for John Dankworth’s band, with which she performed until 1958, when she married Dankworth in secret. She began her career as a singer and actress, playing the lead in a new play at London’s Royal Court Theatre in the 50s. This propelled her into consistent theatre applause and acclaim over the next two decades.
During this period she had two major recording successes, You’ll Answer to Me, reaching the British Top 10 and Shakespeare and All that Jazz with Dankworth received widespread critical acclaim. Cleo’s international recognition started in 1972 with her first tour of Australia followed by performances in the U.S. at Lincoln Center and Carnegie Hall, and then heading to Canada with coast-to-coast tours of both countries. Television saw her on the Muppet Show, with a succession of record releases; several nominations and a Grammy win for her live Carnegie Hall 1983 concert.
In 1979 Laine was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for services to music and in the 1997 New Year’s Honours list, her membership of the order was elevated to Dame Commander, and she was appointed Dame Cleo Laine DBE, the equivalent of a knighthood for women.
Singer and actress Cleo Laine is a contralto with a three-octave range and is the only female performer to have received Grammy nominations in the jazz, popular and classical music categories. She has published a self-titled autobiography Cleo in 1994 followed up with You Can Sing If You Want To in 1997. She has recorded over a hundred albums, received several honorary doctorates, fellowships and awards, has had a street named after her and at 85 years of age the longevity of her voice has been almost unchanged from decades earlier.
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George Wallington was born Giacinto Figlia on October 27, 1924 in Palermo, Italy but his family moved to the United States in 1925. He didn’t arrive on the New York scene until the 40s at around 18 years old, but from 1943 to 1953 he played with Joe Marsala, Charlie Parker, Serge Chaloff, Allan Eager, Kai Winding, Terry Gibbs, Brew Moore, Al Cohn, Gerry Mulligan, Zoot Sims, Red Rodney and Lionel Hampton.
He was Dizzy Gillespie’s pianist in his first bop band at the Onyx club in 1944, where his contributions reflected his innate creative ability, a talent that established him as one of the best composers in the progressive field. His astonishing, fast-moving eloquence as a pianist, contrasted strangely with his introvert, laconic manner as a person.
Wallington recorded as a leader for Savoy and Blue Note and led groups in New York that included newcomers Donald Byrd, Jackie McLean and Phil Woods from 1954 to 1960. He would record with these groups for Prestige and Atlantic record labels. In 1960 he retired to work in the family business, but returned to music in 1984 and recording three albums. His style is often compared to the legendary Earl “Bud” Powell.
George’s best known compositions are the bop standards “Lemon Drop” and “Godchild”, he sat in on the recording of Lady Fair on the Verve release Metronome All-Stars 1956 and was closely associated with the progressive jazz movement in Harlem and on 52nd Street during the 1940s.
Bop pianist, arranger and composer George Wallington, one of the first bop pianists alongside Al Haig and Bud Powell, passed away in Cape Coral, Miami, Florida on February 15, 1993. He left a ten record discography as a leader with several more as a sideman.
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