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Charles Delaunay was born on January 18, 1911 in Vineuil-Saint-Firmin, Oise, the son of painters Robert Delaunay and Sonia Delaunay. As one of the founders of the Hot Club de France, together with Hugues Panassié, he initiated the Quintette du Hot Club de France with Django Reinhardt and Stephane Grappelli. He also organized concerts, for example with Benny Carter.
In 1935, again with Panassié, he founded Le Jazz Hot, one of the oldest jazz magazines. In 1937, he started Disques Swing, “Swing Records”, the first record label dedicated exclusively to jazz. During World War II Delaunay was a member of the Resistance while continuing to lead the Hot Club. 1948 was when he founded the record label Disques Vogue.
He authored the famous Hot Discography with five editions in England, France and the U.S., the first jazz discography and was also an artist. Author, jazz expert, co-founder and long-term leader of the Hot Club de France, Charles Delaunay passed away in Paris of Parkinson’s disease on February 16, 1988.
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Charles Edward Smith was born June 8, 1904 in Thomaston, Connecticut and began collecting Hot Records from early jazz in the 1920s. He worked with William Russell, Eugene Williams, John Hammond, Hugues Panassié and Charles Delaunay in the Hot Record Society from 1937, from which the jazz label HRS Records was established. Along with Steve Smith, he was editor of the jazz magazine Hot Record Society Rag.
Smith was among the early representatives of jazz criticism in the 1930s, having published essays in journals such as the Symposium, The Daily Worker and Esquire. He published the book Jazzmen with Frederic Ramsey in 1939 and was one of America’s first jazz books along with Wild Hobson’s American Jazz Music.
He wrote articles on groups like the Austin High School Gang as well as interviews with early jazz musicians like Willie Cornish, Papa Jack Laine, Leon Roppolo and Nick LaRocca. With the 1942 The Jazz Record Book, an attempt was made to list a canon of important jazz records, which prompted future writers to produce further books such as Marshall Stearns’ The Story of Jazz, Joachim-Ernst Berendt & Günther Huesmann’s Jazz Book, Barry Kernfeld’s Encyclopedia of Jazz and Allen Lowes That Devilin’ Tune.
Charles also wrote for The New Republic, the magazine Jazz Information and a series of liner notes from folk music albums, folk blues and early jazz players such as Pee Wee Russell, Jelly Roll Morton as well as modern jazz musicians Al Cohn, Miles Davis/Milestones, Chico Hamilton/South Pacific in Hi-Fi and J.J. Johnson/Dial JJ 5. He also wrote the accompaniment text for the LP edition of John Hammond’s Concert Series, From Spirituals to Swing – Carnegie Hall Concerts, 1938/39 on the Vanguard label.
Author and critic Charles Edward Smith, who is considered one of the early serious jazz critics, passed away on December 16, 1970 in New York City.
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Marshall Winslow Stearns was born on October 18, 1908 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He played drums in his teens, and attended Harvard University both for undergraduate and for law school. Following this he studied medieval English at Yale University, where he took his Ph.D. in 1942.
Stearns went on to teach English at several U.S. colleges and during this time wrote often about jazz music for magazines such as Variety, Saturday Review, Down Beat, Record Changer, Esquire, Harper’s, Life, and Musical America. Receiving a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1950, he used the proceeds to finish his 1956 work The Story of Jazz, which became a widely used text, as well as a popular introduction to jazz.
He began teaching jazz at New York University in 1950 and then at Hunter College from 1951. In 1952, Marshall founded the Institute of Jazz Studies, which he directed. He became a consultant in the 1950s to the United States State Department, and accompanied Dizzy Gillespie on a tour of the Middle East in 1956 sponsored by the office. He taught at the New School for Social Research from 1954 to 1956 and the School of Jazz in Lenox, Massachusetts.
Jazz critic and musicologist Marshall Stearns, who along with his second wife, Jean, wrote a second book, Jazz Dance, which was published posthumously in 1968, passed away on December 18, 1966 in Key West, Florida.
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Gary Giddins was born on March 21, 1948 in Brooklyn and raised on Long Island, New York. He graduated from Grinell College in Iowa in 1970 and began freelance work as a music and film critic. By 1974 he landed a position as a columnist with the Village Voice writing a column called Weather Bird, a position he held until 2003.
In 1986 Gary along with John Lewis, pianist and music director of the Modern Jazz Quartet, created the American Jazz Orchestra, which presented concerts using a jazz repertory with musicians such as Tony Bennett.
Of his many accolades and honors in writing, film and broadcasting Giddins has won a Grammy for liner notes on Sinatra: The Voice, six ASCAP–Deems Taylor Awards, Jazz Times Readers Poll, a Guggenheim Fellowship, a Peabody Award in Broadcasting, the National Book Critics Circle Award, the Ralph J. Gleason Music Book Award, ARSC Award for Excellence in Historical Sound Research and the Bell Atlantic Award for Visions of Jazz: The First Century in 1998.
He has authored Bing Crosby: A Pocketful of Dreams-The Early Years 1903-1940, Weatherbird: Jazz at the Dawn of Its Second Century, Faces in the Crowd, Natural Selection, and biographies of Louis Armstrong and Charlie Parker.
Jazz and film critic, author, and director, Gary Giddins is currently the Executive Director of the Leon Levy Center for Biography at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York.
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