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Joe “Tricky Sam” Nanton was born Joseph Irish Nanton on February 1, 1904 in New York City, New York to British West Indies immigrant parents. He began playing professionally in Washington, D.C. with bands led by Cliff Jackson and banjoist Elmer Snowden.

1923 saw him working with Frazier’s Harmony Five for a year then again with Snowden. At 22 Nanton discovered his niche in Duke Ellington’s Orchestra, when he reluctantly took the place of his friend Charlie Irvis in 1926, anchoring the trombone section with Lawrence Brown. He remained with Ellington until his early death.

Nanton was one of the great pioneers of the plunger mute after hearing trumpeter Johnny Dunn use a plunger, and realized he could have a similar effect on his trombone. Along with Ellington’s trumpeter Bubber Miley, he is largely responsible for creating the characteristic Wah-wah, or wa-wa, effect. Their highly expressive growl and plunger sounds were the main ingredient in the band’s early “jungle” sound, that evolved during the band’s late 1920s engagement at Harlem’s Cotton Club.

Trombonist Tricky Sam Nanton who was amajor soloist with the Duke Ellington Orchestra, transitioned from a stroke on July 20, 1946 in San Francisco, California while touring with the orchestra.

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